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49
More info: visit www.bendix.com 1-800-AIR-BRAKE (1-800-247-2725)
FIGURE 3 - EFFECT OF WEIGHT AND SPEED ON BRAKING FORCE REQUIRED
(Note: For illustration the Figure above shows horses; however in this case we are illustrating the effect of forces, not horsepower amounts, as in Figure 2.)
Braking Force
resistance which play a part in all stops, the brakes
must develop the same energy in six seconds as the
engine develops in 60 seconds; in other words, the
brakes do the same amount of work as the engine in
one-tenth the time and must develop approximately
1,000 horsepower during the stop.
Effect of Weight and Speed
Other factors to be considered are the effects on
braking when the weight and speed of a vehicle are
increased. If the weight of the vehicle is doubled, the
energy of motion to be changed into heat energy is
also doubled. If the brake cannot properly dissipate
and absorb the increased heat caused by the vehicle
FIGURE 4 - EFFECT OF SPEED ON STOPPING DISTANCES
weight (in excess of the vehicle design spec’s), poor
braking performance will result. Brake systems are
designed to properly control a vehicle loaded up to
its gross vehicle weight (GVW). Never exceed the
GVW for a vehicle.
The effect of higher speeds on braking is much more
signifi cant. Comparing stops from a speed of 20 miles
per hour with stops from a speed of 40 miles per hour,
engineering calculations show there is actually four
times as much energy of motion to be changed to
heat energy during a stop from 40 miles per hour as
there is during a stop from 20 miles per hour. Thus,
if the speed is doubled, four times as much stopping
power must be developed, and the brakes must absorb
or dissipate four times as much heat. If the speed is
three times higher, the stopping power needed is nine
times higher.
It naturally follows that if both the weight and speed
of a vehicle are doubled, the stopping power must
be increased eight times and the brakes must absorb
or dissipate eight times as much heat.
Another way of illustrating the effect of speed on
stopping ability is to compare the stopping distance if
the speed is increased without increasing the weight.
In Figure 4, the vehicle shown stops from 20 miles per
hour in 30 feet. At 40 miles per hour it would typically
require 120 feet to stop, and 60 miles per hour it would
typically need 270 feet to stop.
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