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The Fundamentals of
Compressed Air Brakes
Compressor, Reservoir and Brake Valve
In an air brake system, the compressor supplies the
compressed air for brake operation by taking free
air and compressing it to 100-120 P.S.I. (Maximum
pressure in an air brake system is generally 150 P.S.I.)
The compressed air passes from the compressor into
the reservoir and the air brake system where it (and
its energy) are stored until needed by the driver for a
brake application.
Service Brake System
When the brake valve is operated by the driver, air
fl ows to the chambers where its energy is transformed
into the mechanical force and motion necessary to
apply the brakes.
Braking Forces - Effect of Air Pressure
This control of the braking force by controlling the air
pressure in the chambers is illustrated in Figure 14.
It shows the resulting forces in pounds of various
air pressures with a chamber having an effective
diaphragm area of 24 square inches.
The important point is that the air pressure in a brake
chamber can be controlled so the brake chamber will
develop the required force.
Braking Forces - Effect of Brake Chamber Size
Different sizes of vehicles and different axles of the
same vehicle may require different braking forces,
depending on the weight of the vehicle or the weight
distribution between axles of the same vehicle. These
variations in the braking force are design variations
because the maximum and minimum force required
must be properly provided before good performance
can be obtained throughout the entire braking range.
[Note: Rotochambers are larger, heavier style of brake
chamber typically used on heavier, off-road equipment
where their constant output and longer push-rod stroke
is useful.]
Figure 15 illustrates the developed force in pounds
of each of several different sizes of brake and
rotochambers when supplied with air pressure at 60
pounds per square inch. The effective area of the
different brake chambers generally varies from six
square inches to 36 square inches and their developed
force at 60 pounds air pressure generally varies from
360 pounds to 2,160 pounds. This permits the choice
of a chamber size suitable for properly operating any
size or type of foundation brake.
FIGURE 15 - BRAKING FORCES-EFFECT OF BRAKE CHAMBER SIZE
Clamp Ring Brake Chamber
or Rotochamber
6 9 12 16 20 24 30 36 50*
Effective Area of
Diaphragm (square in.)
6 9 12 16 20 24 30 36 50
Pounds of Force
Developed @ 30 psi
180 270 360 480 600 720 900 1090 1500
Pounds of Force
Developed @ 60 psi
360 540 720 960 1200 1440 1800 2160 3000
Force Developed by Various Size Brake and
Rotochambers at 30 and 60 psi.
FIGURE 14 - BRAKING FORCES-EFFECT OF AIR PRESSURE
Air Pressure
(PSI)
5 10 20 30 40 60 80 100
Developed
Force
(PSI)
120 240 480 720 960 1440 1920 2400
Typical ‘Type-24’
Brake Chamber
Having an
Effective
Diaphragm Area
of 24 Square
Inches.
Compressed Air Brakes
* Rotochamber only
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